The 4d1ye
Masayendisiti kubva Yunivhesiti yeCambridge vakawana zviratidzo zvinovimbisa zvezvipenyu zvemugungwa zviri kunze kwenyika mumhepo ye exoplanet K2-18b. The substances DMS e DMDS, inozivikanwa na James Webb Telescope paExoplanet, inogadzirwa chete nezvisikwa zvipenyu - kunyanya zvipenyu zvemugungwa zvisingaoneki - pano paPasi, izvo zvinotora kuwanikwa kune chitsauko chitsva mukutsvaga hupenyu kune imwe nyika. Nzwisisa kuti sei James webb vakaona mamorekuru uye zvaanoreva pakuvapo kwehupenyu kunze kweNyika. 3w3f46
Kuti kuwanikwa kwakaitwa sei 21672
Kuwanikwa kwacho kwakagoneswa nehunyanzvi hwekutarisa hwepamusoro hwe James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), yakagadzirwa na NASA mukudyidzana ne European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency. Ichishandisa tekinoroji yespectroscopy - iyo inobvumira kuongororwa kwechiedza chinopfuura nepakati pemhepo yemapuraneti ari kure sezvaanofamba ari pamberi penyeredzi yaanotenderera - teresikopu yakaratidza chaiwo maitiro emakemikari pane exoplanet. K2-18b.
Aya maitiro anoratidza kuvepo kwemamorekuru akadai dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and the dimethyldisulfide (DMDS), magasi ane chokuita nekuita kwebiology paNyika. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuti mamwe makomboni anosiya mavara akasiyana pachiedza chinosvika kwatiri, sekunge masiginicha emakemikari.
Zvikuru zvine basa rekutsvaga, Purofesa weAstrophysics uye Exoplanetary Sayenzi paInstitute of Astronomy paYunivhesiti yeCambridge, Nikku Madhusudhan, akataura nezvehukuru hwekuwanikwa:
“Makumi emakore kubva zvino, tinogona kutarira shure panguva iyi ndokuona kuti iyi ndiyo nguva apo chisiko chipenyu chakatanga kuvapo.” Iyi ingava nzvimbo yokupedzisira, apo kamwe kamwe mubvunzo unokosha wokuti tiri toga muchisiko chapose pose unova chimwe chinhu chatinokwanisa kupindura.”
Nikku Madhusudhan, purofesa kuInstitute of Astronomy muCambridge, akatungamira tsvagiridzo.
O JWST akashandisa zviridzwa zvakasiyana, panguva dzakasiyana, kusimbisa izvi zviratidzo. Maonero ekutanga, akaitwa nema spectrographs NIRISS e NIRSpec (iyo inoshanda munzvimbo iri padyo infrared) yakatokurudzira kuvepo kunogona kuitika kweDMS. Kuti asimbise iyo data, vaongorori vakaita rutsva rwekutarisa neMIRI, chiridzwa chinotora pakati-infrared light.
Chiyero chechipiri, chakaitwa pane imwe wavelength uye nemichina yakasiyana, chakapa mhedzisiro yakajeka uye inowirirana, ichiwedzera chivimbo mukuwanikwa uye kuderedza muganhu wekukanganisa.
Kusvika pakuziva iyo exoplanet K2-18b b591z
The exoplanet K2-18b iripo makore angangoita 124 chiedza kubva paNyika, muboka renyeredzi Leo, uye inotenderera nyeredzi dzvuku inonzi K2-18. With about 8,6 kuenzana nehukuru hwePasi uye 2,6 pehukuru hwayo, ipuraneti inorongedzerwa se "sub-Neptune" - kureva, yakakura kudarika Earth, asi idiki pane hofori yegasi muhurongwa hwedu hwezuva, seJupiter, Saturn, Uranus neNeptune.
Chii chinoita K2-18b kunyanya kunakidza inyaya yekuti inowanikwa mune inonzi "nzvimbo inogarika" yenyeredzi yayo, iyo nharaunda iyo tembiricha inogona kubvumira kuvepo kwemvura yemvura pamusoro, chinhu chakakosha chehupenyu sezvatinoziva. Mune yedu solar system, semuenzaniso, nzvimbo iyi inosanganisira iyo Terra e Marte.
Zvakamboonekwa zvakange zvatoona methane necarbon dioxide mumhepo ye K2-18b, zvinhu zvinokosha pakugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze epasi. Iyi kabhoni-rich kuumbwa inofambirana nemhando yepasi inozivikanwa se Hycean - nyika inogona kunge yakafukidzwa nemakungwa uye yakakomberedzwa nemhepo yakakora inoumbwa zvakanyanya nehydrogen.
Rudzi urwu rwepasi rwakave nedzidziso senzvimbo inogoneka inoita kuti hupenyu huvepo, kunyanya mumhando dzemicrobial. Muenzaniso Hycean inomiririra muganhu mutsva mukuongorora nyeredzi, sezvo ichiwedzera marudzi enyika anoonekwa seanogona kugarika kupfuura iwo akafanana nePasi.
“Basa rokufungidzira rakapfuura rakafanotaura zvingaita kuti pave nemwero wakakwirira wemagasi ane sulfur-based akadai seDMS neDMDS pamapuraneti eHycean. Uye zvino tinoona izvi, maererano nezvakafanotaurwa. Tichifunga zvose zvatinoziva pamusoro penyika ino, nyika yeHycean ine gungwa rakazara noupenyu ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu anonyatsoenderana nemashoko atinawo.”
Nikku Madhusudhan, purofesa kuCambridge Institute of Astronomy, mukutaura kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge pachayo.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kusimba kwemamorekuru akacherechedzwa. Nepo paPasi makemikari akadai seDMS neDMDS anoitika muzvikamu zviduku zvikuru—kazhinji pasi pechikamu chimwe pabhirioni—mu. K2-18b, zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvakadzika zvakapetwa nezviuru zvakapetwa kaviri. Kana makomisheni aya ari ebhayoloji pamavambo, izvi zvinogona kureva kuti chiitiko chinoagadzira chinoitika pamwero wakakosha kupfuura pano. Ukuwo, masayendisiti haarambi fungidziro yekuti magasi aya ari kugadzirwa nemaitiro emakemikari asingazivikanwi.
Uyezve, density uye chimiro che K2-18b zvinoratidza kuti inogona kuchengeta makungwa makuru pasi pemhepo yaro yakakora, ichidzivirira zvipenyu zvingangoita kubva kumwaranzi yenyeredzi. Zvakadaro, giravhiti rayo rakanyanyisa uye kuumbwa kwemhepo yaro inoita kuti ive nharaunda yakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kuPasi.
Matanho anotevera ekusimbisa 5y4p45
Pasinei neuchapupu hunokurudzira, masayendisiti haasati akwanisa kutaura nechivimbo kuti akawana imwe nyika inogarika. Kuvapo kwemakomboni akadai DMS e DMDS mumhepo ye K2-18b, kunyange zvazvo ichienderana nekuita kwebiology, inogonawo kuva nezvikonzero zvisingabatanidzi zvipenyu uye zvisati zvazivikanwa. Naizvozvo, boka rinotarisira kuwanikwa rinoramba rakangwarira uye rinosimbisa kuti kusimbisa biosignature hakudi chete kudzokorora data, asiwo kusasanganisa ese angangoita asiri ebhayoloji mamwe.
Munhandare yesainzi, kuwanikwa kunongoonekwa sekusimbiswa zviri pamutemo kana zvasvika padanho rekukosha kwenhamba mashanu sigma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukana wechiratidzo chakaonekwa chiri mhedzisiro yemukana unofanirwa kuve isingasviki 0,00006%. Parizvino, zvakacherechedzwa neJames Webb Space Telescope zvinosvika padanho re matatu matatundokuti, kuchine 0,3% mukana wekuti mhedzisiro haimiriri kuwanikwa chaiko. Kuti uwane danho rinodiwa rekuvimba, masayendisiti anofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekuongorora uye kuita mamwe maratidziro ane zviridzwa zvinopindirana, akazvimirira achisimbisa iyo data.
Chikwata chevaongorori pachavo chinofungidzira kuti pakati pe16 ne24 mamwe maawa ekutarisa ne JWST inogona kukwana kuti uwane iyo yakamirirwa kwenguva refu sigma mamaki mashanu. Uyezve, basa redzidziso nerabhoritari rakafanana richave rakakosha kuongorora kuti makomisheni akaonekwa anogona kumuka pasina kuvepo kwehupenyu. Uku kutarisira kwakasimba kwakakosha pakuvimbika kwemaitiro esainzi. Mushure mezvose, takatarisana nemhinduro inogoneka kumubvunzo wekare wevanhu - "tiri toga here?" -, zvakakosha kuti humbowo hupi zvahwo hwakavakirwa nekunyatsorongeka uye mutoro.
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Source: BBC, Iyo Annapurna News e NY Times.
Mavara akaongororwa na Felipe Faustino musi wa 17/04/2025
